DOI:- https://doi.org/10.64880/shikshasamvad.v3i4.45

Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar

Abstract

This study examines the impact of globalization on employment generation in India during the period 1991–2026, with emphasis on the changing structure of employment following the economic reforms initiated under the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1991. The research is descriptive and analytical in nature and is based entirely on secondary data collected from government publications, national statistical agencies, the Reserve Bank of India, the World Bank, the International Labour Organization, and other published reports and research studies. The findings reveal that globalization has significantly accelerated India’s economic growth through trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, technological advancement, and integration into global value chains. However, employment generation has remained uneven across sectors. The services sector emerged as the principal source of employment growth, while manufacturing experienced relatively slower job creation due to increasing automation and capital-intensive production. Agriculture witnessed a continuous decline in its employment share as structural transformation progressed. The study further highlights the growing importance of skill development, digitalization, artificial intelligence, labour market reforms, and government initiatives such as Make in India, Skill India, Digital India, Startup India, and Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes in shaping employment outcomes. Despite these developments, challenges such as jobless growth, informal employment, regional disparities, and skill mismatches persist. The study concludes that sustainable and inclusive employment generation requires coordinated policies integrating labour-intensive industrialization, human capital development, technological innovation, social protection, and balanced regional development to maximize the benefits of globalization.

Keywords: Globalization; Employment Generation; Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); Technological Advancement; Labour Market Reforms.

Cite this Article: 

Dr. Pankaj Kumar, “Impact of Globalisation on employment Generation in India Since 1991-2026” Shiksha Samvad International Open Access Peer-Reviewed & Refereed Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, ISSN: 2584-0983 (Online), Volume 03, Issue 04, Pp.425- 438, June-2026. Journal URL: https://shikshasamvad.com/